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1 from
مِن \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We hold things by the handle. We know people by name. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. from: showing the time that sth. started: I waited from six o’clock till eight, showing where sth. began or was obtained Are men descended from monkeys? He read aloud from the newspaper, showing cause He suffered from stomach pains, showing the lower limit of costs, numbers, etc. New bicycles cost from $60 to $90 each, showing a change The price rose from 20 pence to 25 pence, showing difference I don’t know one from the other, showing the place that one has left He arrived from Glasgow. of: (after a noun) showing contents, amount, kind, etc.: a cup of coffee (a cup that contains coffee); a cupful of coffee (enough coffee to fill a cup); a pound of sugar (sugar that weighs a pound); a piece of bread (not a whole loaf), (after an adj. or verb) concerning; about: I’m sure of it. She’s afraid of mice, (after a verb) showing a cause He died of hunger, (after an adj.) showing who did sth. and how he did it It was kind of your father to invite me (Your father was kind...), (after a participle) showing how sth. is formed a dress made of silk. than: used in comparing two objects; here the second subject and verb are always left out: I like you better than him (I like you better than I like him), used in comparing two subjects; it is better to put in the second verb, although some writers leave it out He is taller than I (am). He runs faster than I (do). -
2 from
عَنْ \ about: concerning: This is a book about snakes. for: instead of: I’m busy, so please do it for me. from: showing separation, distance, etc.: He took it away from her. He was far from home. of: (after an adj.) showing separation; from: a mile north of the town; free of trouble, (after an adj. or verb) concerning. off: (showing removal or separation) from: He jumped off his horse. She took her coat off the hook, (of movement) away from The car turned off the road into a field. on: (showing the subject) about; Is this a book on birds?. -
3 after
خَلْفَ \ after: following: I ran after him but could not catch him. back: the part of sth. that is behind: The back of the building is painted white. My coat was on the back of the chair. behind: remaining after: Wherever he went, he left nothing but trouble behind him, at the back He jumped on me from behind. I left him far behind, at the back of She followed behind me. He hid behind a tree. -
4 after-sales service
Mktgcustomer support following the purchase of a product or service. In some cases, after-sales service can be almost as important as the initial purchase. The manufacturer, retailer, or service provider determines what is included in any warranty (or guarantee) package. This will include the duration of the warranty—traditionally one year from the date of purchase, but increasingly two or more years—maintenance and/or replacement policy, items included/excluded, labor costs, and speed of response. In the case of a service provider, after-sales service might include additional top-up training or helpdesk availability. Of equal importance is the customer’s perception of the degree of willingness with which a supplier deals with a question or complaint, speed of response, and action taken. -
5 after-tax
Finrelating to earnings or income from which tax has already been deducted -
6 kicks from the penalty mark
■ Procedure for determining the winners of a match which ends with both teams having scored the same number of goals after extra time.► If, after both teams have taken five kicks, both have scored the same number of goals, or have not scored any goals, the penalty shoot-out goes on until one team has scored a goal more than the other from the same number of kicks.Syn. penalty shoot-out■ Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung des Siegers in einem Spiel, wenn die Wettbewerbsbestimmungen dies nach einem unentschieden ausgegangenen Spiel erfordern und wenn das Spiel nach Verlängerung immer noch unentschieden steht.► Wenn nach je fünf Schüssen von der Strafstoßmarke beide Mannschaften keine oder gleich viele Tore erzielt haben, werden die Schüsse so lange fortgesetzt, bis eine Mannschaft nach gleich vielen Schüssen ein Tor mehr erzielt hat.Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > kicks from the penalty mark
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7 draw a conclusion from
to come to a conclusion after thinking about (what one has learned):يَسْتَنْتِج، يَصِلُ إلى نَتيجَهDon't draw any hasty conclusions from what I've said!
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8 Life After Divorce Is Eventually Saner
Abbreviation: LADIES (Motto for independence and self-determination, from so-named activist group.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Life After Divorce Is Eventually Saner
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9 to continue drinking after coming back from a bar or party (usually at a friend's house or apartment)
Jargon: postgame (Example: "I pissed my bed last night. That's the price you gotta pay for postgaming.")Универсальный русско-английский словарь > to continue drinking after coming back from a bar or party (usually at a friend's house or apartment)
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10 when a man sticks his erected penis into a womens vagina after promptly removing it from another
Taboo: dirty laundryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > when a man sticks his erected penis into a womens vagina after promptly removing it from another
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11 офицер-любитель (USSR , Russia - officer serving his 2-year term after graduation from a civil higher education institution)
mil.sl. amateur officerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > офицер-любитель (USSR , Russia - officer serving his 2-year term after graduation from a civil higher education institution)
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12 to continue drinking after coming back from a bar or party
Jargon: (usually at a friend's house or apartment) postgame (Example: "I pissed my bed last night. That's the price you gotta pay for postgaming.")Универсальный русско-английский словарь > to continue drinking after coming back from a bar or party
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13 ex
ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:I.qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,
Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.In space.A.Prop.:2.interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,
id. ib. 2, 19:visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,
Tib. 1, 1, 38:clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:3.ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:picis e caelo demissum flumen,
Lucr. 6, 257:equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:cecidisse ex equo dicitur,
Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:e curru trahitur,
id. Rep. 2, 41:e curru desilit,
Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—In an upward direction, from, above:B.collis paululum ex planitie editus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:globum terrae eminentem e mari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,
Liv. 6, 2.—Transf.1.To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:2.ex Aethiopia est usque haec,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:quod erat ex eodem municipio,
Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:Philocrates ex Alide,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:ex Aethiopia ancillula,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:negotiator ex Africa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:Epicurei e Graecia,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:ex India elephanti,
Liv. 35, 32:civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:meretrix e proxumo,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),
Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:ex spelunca saxum,
Cic. Fat. 3, 6:saxum ex capitolio,
Liv. 35, 21, 6:ex equo cadere,
Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:II.a summo caelo despicere,
Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:de vertice montis despicere,
id. M. 11, 503); cf.:T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,
Suet. Tib. 33:ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,
Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:ex vinculis causam dicere,
id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.also: ex fuga,
during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.In time.A.From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):2.Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,
Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,ex consulatu,
Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:ex praetura,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:ex dictatura,
Liv. 10, 5 fin.:ex eo magistratu,
Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,
Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:statim e somno lavantur,
id. G. 22:tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,
Quint. 6, 2, 35:mulier ex partu si, etc.,
Cels. 2, 8:ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,
Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:ex quo obses Romae fuit,
since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,
Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):aliam rem ex alia cogitare,
Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,
Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;B.for the passage,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,
Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,
Capitol. Gord. 22:duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,
id. ib.:mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,
Amm. 14, 7, 9:Serenianus ex duce,
id. 14, 7, 7:INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,
Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,
i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):C.bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,
Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,
id. Phil. 1, 1:ex aeterno tempore,
id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:ex hoc die,
id. Rep. 1, 16:motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,
from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,
Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:ex ea die ad hanc diem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,
id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,
id. H. 1, 29:sextus mensis est, ex quo,
Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,ex eo,
Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:ex illo,
Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:III.Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,
id. Verr. 1, 10:ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,
id. Att. 5, 21, 9.In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.A.With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:B.solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,
Cic. Lael. 13, 47:ex omni populo deligendi potestas,
id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:agro ex hoste capto,
Liv. 41, 14, 3:cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:ex populo Romano bona accipere,
Sall. J. 102:majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4:quaesierat ex me Scipio,
id. ib. 1, 13:ex te requirunt,
id. ib. 2, 38:de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,
id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,
id. Att. 6, 9, 3:ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,
id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:vocare,
Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:2.qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:e vectoribus sorte ductus,
id. Rep. 1, 34:ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,
id. Rab. Post. 17:homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:unus ex illis decemviris,
id. ib. 2, 37:ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. Lael. 4, 15:aliquis ex vobis,
id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;reliquum, argentum,
this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),
id. Rep. 2, 36:virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,
Flor. 1, 13, 12:alia ex hoc quaestu,
Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,
Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 3:est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,
id. Rep. 2, 40:Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,
Tac. G. 29:acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,
Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,
id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):C.has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,
Cels. 4, 20:ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,
Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:D.fenestrae e viminibus factae,
Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:statua ex aere facta,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,
id. Div. 1, 24:substramen e palea,
Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:monilia e gemmis,
Suet. Calig. 56:farina ex faba,
Cels. 5, 28:potiones ex absinthio,
id. ib. et saep.:Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,
Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,
id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,
id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):E.resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,
Cels. 3, 23:aqua ex lauro decocta,
id. 4, 2; cf.:farina tritici ex aceto cocta,
Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,
Cels. 4, 4:nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),
id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:bacae e viridi rubentes,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,
id. ib. §132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,
id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:e viridi pallens,
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:apes ex aureolo variae,
Col. 9, 3, 2:sucus ex austero dulcis,
Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:ex dulci acre,
id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,
Cic. Clu. 26.—To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:2.cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33:ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,
id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:ex vulnere aeger,
id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:ex renibus laborare,
id. Tusc. 2, 25:ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,
Liv. 25, 26:ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,
Quint. 8, 33, 66:gravida e Pamphilo est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?
id. ib. 3, 2, 17:ex se nati,
Cic. Rep. 1, 35:ex quodam conceptus,
id. ib. 2, 21:ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,
id. ib. 1, 44:ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,
id. ib. et saep.:ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,
id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,
Sall. J. 48, 2:veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,
id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,
Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,
Liv. 2, 50:ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,
i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,
id. ib. 6, 10:quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,
id. Phil. 6, 1:ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,
id. Lael. 13, 46:ex quo fit, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 43:e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,
Flor. 4, 10, 8:ex nausea vomitus,
Cels. 4, 5:ex hac clade atrox ira,
Liv. 2, 51, 6:metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,
Tac. A. 11, 20:ex legato timor,
id. Agr. 16 et saep.—In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:F.cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,
Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,
id. 1, 7, 1:nomen ex vitio positum,
Ov. F. 2, 601:quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,
id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7:e nomine (nominibus),
id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:G.si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,
Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,
Lucr. 1, 186:dii ex hominibus facti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 10:ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,
id. ib. 1, 45:nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,
id. Part. 17; cf.:ex exsule consul,
id. Manil. 4, 46:ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,
Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:ex alto sapore excitati,
Curt. 7, 11, 18.—Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:H.ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:aliquid facere bene et e re publica,
for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:e (not ex) re publica,
id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:exque re publica,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:non ex usu nostro est,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:ex utilitate,
Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:ex nullius injuria,
Liv. 45, 44, 11.—To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:I.(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,
id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:ex senatus sententia,
id. Fam. 12, 4:ex collegii sententia,
Liv. 4, 53:ex amicorum sententia,
id. 40, 29:ex consilii sententia,
id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,
according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:ex senatus consulto,
Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:ex edicto, ex decreto,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:ex lege,
id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:ex foedere,
Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,ex more,
Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:ex consuetudine,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:ex sua libidine moderantur,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,
Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,
Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,
id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,
Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;attingit etiam bellicam,
Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;► Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr.ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.
2, 791:IV.terris ex,
id. 6, 788:quibus e sumus uniter apti,
id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:que sacra quercu,
Verg. E. 7, 13.In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—B.Signification.1.Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—2.Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662. -
14 ex or (only before consonants) ē
ex or (only before consonants) ē praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in). I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.— II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.— III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.— IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.). -
15 erholen
v/refl1. recover (auch fig.) ( von from); von Krankheit: auch recuperate (from, after); nach der Arbeit: (take a) rest, have a rest; (sich entspannen) relax, unwind; im Urlaub: have a (good) rest, unwind properly; sich vom Schreck etc. erholen fig. get over ( oder recover from) the shock etc.2. WIRTS., Kurse etc.: recover, rally, stage a recovery; Börse: auch pick up; Wirtschaft: pick up, be on the rebound* * *sich erholento recover; to recuperate; to have a rest; to revive; to relax; to recreate* * *er|ho|len [ɛɐ'hoːlən] ptp erholtvr(von from) to recover; (von Krankheit auch) to recuperate; (= sich entspannen auch) to relax, to have a rest; (fig Preise, Aktien) to recover, to rally, to pick uper hat sich von dem Schreck( en) noch nicht erholt — he hasn't got over the shock yet
du siehst sehr erholt aus — you look very rested
* * *er·ho·len *vr2. (ausspannen)nach dem Urlaub sah sie erholt aus after the holiday she looked relaxed3. BÖRSE4. HORT* * *reflexives Verb1) recover ( von from); (nach Krankheit) recuperate; (sich ausruhen) rest; have a rest; (sich entspannen, ausspannen) relax2) (fig.) recover* * *erholen v/r1. recover (auch fig) (von from); von Krankheit: auch recuperate (from, after); nach der Arbeit: (take a) rest, have a rest; (sich entspannen) relax, unwind; im Urlaub: have a (good) rest, unwind properly;sich vom Schreck etc2. WIRTSCH, Kurse etc: recover, rally, stage a recovery; BÖRSE auch pick up; Wirtschaft: pick up, be on the rebound* * *reflexives Verb1) recover ( von from); (nach Krankheit) recuperate; (sich ausruhen) rest; have a rest; (sich entspannen, ausspannen) relax2) (fig.) recover* * *v.to recover v. -
16 παρά
παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, fromⓐ after verbsα. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someoneα. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.β. w. subst. functionא. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.2 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewedⓐ near, besideα. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.C. w. acc. of pers. or thing① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
17 ἀπό
ἀπό, [dialect] Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. [full] ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 ([place name] Larissa), 5(2).6 ([place name] Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.A ápa, Lat. ab, Umbr. ap-ehtre 'ab extra', Goth. af, OE. af, cef, of, etc.) Orig. sense, from. [ ᾰπο?ἀπόX: where ἀπο ¯ is found in [dialect] Ep. before v or liquids (asἀπὸ ἕθεν Il.6.62
,ἀπὸ νευρῆς 11.664
, Hes. Sc. 409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— [pron. full] ᾱ metri gr. in [dialect] Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]I OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense:1 of Motion, from, away from,ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων Il.2.208
; pleonastic, ἀ. Τροίηθεν ib.24.492;ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν 8.365
(later with Advbs.,ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν LXX Ec.1.10
, etc.); strengthd.,ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης Il.10.151
; also ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο, implying departure from life, ib.24.725; opp. ἐξ, of relatively superficial motion,λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Mem.2.7.2
; similarly of the cause or ground,ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω Th.4.126
:— freq. of warriors fighting from chariots, etc.,οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν.. μάχοντο Il.15.386
;ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι Od.9.49
; soἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων Hdt.1.79
; λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων on horseback, Pl.R. 328a;ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν X.An.1.2.7
;ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν Th. 7.62
;ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο X.HG 6.2.29
; ὀμμάτων ἄπο.. κατέσταζον γένυν, of tears, E.Hec. 240: joined withἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Pl.Tht. 142a
.2 of Position, away from, far from,μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.2.292
(cf. ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι to live apart from a man or husband, Plu.CG4);κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων Od.23.110
;μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων h.Merc. 193
; ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος, far from sight or hearing, Il.23.53, 18.272, cf. 22.454;ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν Th.1.7
, cf. 46;αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων Id.6.64
;ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι Id.1.99
; σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος far from, i.e. without using the rein, S.OC 900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ..., νόσφιν ἀ..., Il.23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances,ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς X.HG2.4.4
, etc.; but later the numeral followsἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης D.S.4.56
;ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως Plu.Phil.4
; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων fifty stades away, Id.Oth.11, cf. D.Chr.17.17.3 of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.1.562;ἀ. δόξης 10.324
;οὐ.. ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης Od.11.344
;ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου Th.1.76
; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not without reason, Pl.R. 470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ, Id.Tht. 179c, 187e;οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης S. Tr. 389
;οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος D.24.6
;μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο A.R.2.863
.4 in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν.. ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς E.Tr. 523
; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet off my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp. 212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common,ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου Od.11.278
.5 with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν, X.Cyr.7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων.. ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18;αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Cra. 410b
; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος v.l. in Hdt.4.8;ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος X.An.7.2.19
;τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον Theoc.6.18
.6 partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν part taken from the booty, a share of it, Od.5.40;αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων Ar. Lys. 539
;ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος Hdt.6.27
;ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν Th.7.87
, cf. A.Pers. 1023.7 Math., of figures described upon a base,κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19
, etc.; τὸ ἀ. τῆς AB τετράγωνον the square on AB, Euc.1.47, cf. 48; εἴδεα ἀ. .. Archim.Spir.10,11.9 from being, instead of,ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς.. ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν Theoc.15.106
.10 privative, free from, without,ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας PLips.16.19
(ii A. D.);ἀ. ζημίας PTeb420.4
(iii A. D.).II OF TIME, from, after, Hom. only in Il.8.54 ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο rising up from, i.e. after, cf. Hdt.1.133; ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι or γενέσθαι, Id.1.126, 2.78, 5.18, al.;ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν Hp.Salubr.5
;ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι X.Lac. 5.8
; in narrative, τὸ ἀ. τούτου or το̄δε, from this point onwards, Hdt.1.4,2.99;ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου Id.1.82
, X.An.7.5.8;τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου Luc.Tox.25
;ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς.. Hdt.3.14
, etc.;δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος Id.8.55
, cf. X.An.1.7.18, etc.;ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου Id.Cyr. 1.2.13
; more often ἀπ' or ἀφ' οὗ, Hdt.2.44, Th.1.18, etc.; ;ἀφ' ἧς Plu.Pel.15
; εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου, of olden time, Th.1.2,2.15;ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς Pi.P.8.25
, etc.;ἀ. γενεᾶς X. Cyr.1.2.8
; ἀφ' ἑσπέρας from the beginning of evening, i.e. at eventide, Th.7.29; ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου ib.43;ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν Ar.V. 218
; ἀπ' ἀγροῦ fresh from field-work, Ev.Marc.15.21, cf. 7.4;ἀ. νουμηνίας X.An.5.6.23
; χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ tarry beyond the time, LXX2 Ki. 20.5; ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν at the end of.., ib.24.8;γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς Plu.Caes.5
: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης, IG3.398;ἀ. λογιστῶν POxy.1103.3
(iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, = consulares, Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινος the freedman of.., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 ([place name] Andania), 1473.III OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:1 of that from which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.19.163;γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350
, cf. S.OT 415, OC 571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent,τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας Isoc.12.81
, cf. Hdt.7.150;πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα A.Pr. 853
; τρίτος ἀ. Διός third in descent from Zeus, Pl.R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός his descendants, Plu. Them.32;Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος E.Alc. 509
: of the place one springs from,ἵπποι.. ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος Il.2.839
. cf. 849;Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης Hdt.8.114
, cf. Th.1.89, etc.;τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας X.Cyr.2.1.5
, etc.:hence,b metaph. of things,Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι Od.6.18
; θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς ib.12;γάλα ἀ. βοός A.Pers. 611
;μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν Id.Eu. 314
;ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία Th.1.69
; ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος fear inspired by the enemy, X.Cyr.3.3.53.c of persons, οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως, country folk, townsfolk, Plb.2.6.8, 5.70.8; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect,οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου Luc.Herm.14
;οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος Plu.Brut.2
; οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς, etc., Luc.Cont. 6; generally οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων philosophers and learned men, ibid.; οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου stage players, Plu.Sull.2;οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς Id.Caes.10
, etc.; ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς, v. ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος with only an ἐξωμίς, S.E.P.1.153.2 of the material from or of which a thing is made,εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα Hdt.7.65
;ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον A.Ag. 970
, cf. S.Tr. 704;ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος Theoc.15.117
;ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου Ev.Matt.3.4
: hence στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα of or weighing 60 talents, Decr. ap. D. 18.92, cf. Plb.24.1.7, IG2.555.10, al.: hence of value,θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι GDI3707
([place name] Cos);κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης Pl.Phd. 59a
; so, by an extension of this use, εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου ugly of countenance, Thphr.Char.28.4;θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς Theoc.16.49
;σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος Luc.DMort.10.8
.3 of the instrument from or by which a thing is done, τοὺς.. πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by arrow shot from silver bow, Il.24.605; ;ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός 10.371
, 11.675; soἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα Luc.Hist.Conscr.29
; γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου, X.Lac.5.9;μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος Str.17.3.7
;ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη D.S.5.29
;βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος LXX Le.4.7
.4 of the person from whom an act comes, i.e. by whom it is done,οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.1.14
;ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι Id.2.54
; , cf. 6.61;ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι Pl.R. 528a
, etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ, E.Tr.74, S.OC 1628;τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων Th.1.127
; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc.5 of the source from which life, power, etc., are sustained,ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης Hdt.1.203
; ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων ib. 216;ἀ. πολέμου Id.5.6
;ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων X.Mem.1.2.14
;ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς Id.An.6.1.1
;τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων Id.HG4.8.9
, cf. Th.1.99;ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν Ar.Pl. 569
, cf. D.24.124;ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους.. γεγένησαι Ar.Eq. 788
, cf. D.18.102; quaestum corpore facere,Plu.
Tim.14.6 of the cause, means, or occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done,ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι Hdt.2.42
; ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι, Th.2.25,6.12, X.Cyr.1.1.2;ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι Th.5.17
;τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος Id.1.46
;ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν X.An. 7.7.9
;ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν D.2.27
; ἀ. τοῦ πάθους in consequence of.., Th.4.30;βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος Id.7.29
;κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι D.18.194
; τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει on occasion of his defeat, Id.19.320; τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου , cf. 1643; ἀ. δικαιοσύνης by reason of it (v. l. for ὑπό), Hdt.7.164; ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων on the same scale of profits, D.3.34, etc.; for ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα, v. ἕνεκα: hence in half adverbial usages, ἀ. σπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.7.359; ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης, or ἀπ' ἴσης, equally, Th.1.99,15, D.14.6, etc.;ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς Id.18.298
;ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς Th.1.91
; ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς openly, ib.35; ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος straightforwardly, Id.3.43; ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου of free-will, Pl.Prt. 323c; ἀ. γλώσσης by word of mouth, Hdt.1.123 (but also, from hearsay, A.Ag. 813);ἀ. στόματος Pl.Tht. 142d
; ἀπ' ὄψεως at sight, Lys.16.19; ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι on your fingers, Ar.V. 656; ; ὀμμάτων ἄπο in the public gaze, E.Med. 216;ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι X.Mem.1.2.9
;ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου Th.8.66
, cf. IG1.9;τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας Arist.Ath.24.3
; τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας Decr. ap. D.18.106; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ from oneself, on one's own account, Th.8.6, etc.;ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης Id.4.68
; ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος, by agreement, by word of command, Hdt.5.74, Th.8.99; ἀ. σάλπιγγος by sound of trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat. procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.).7 of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things told from or of the island.., Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195;νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν Ar.Ra. 762
.B in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 ([place name] Tegea);ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ Inscr.Cypr.135.8
H. ([place name] Idalion).2 in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.).C in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89.D IN COMPOS.:1 asunder, as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence, away, off, as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting, remoual of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.2 finishing off, completing, ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω.3 ceasing from, leaving off, as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω.4 back again, as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple.5 by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.6 almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.E ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, asὀμμάτων ἄπο S.El. 1231
, etc.; never in Prose. -
18 posteriore
"rear;Hinten"* * *back attr, rear attr( successivo) latersedile m posteriore back seat* * *posteriore agg.1 ( nello spazio) rear; back; ( di corpo umano) posterior: le file posteriori di una colonna militare, the rear ranks of a military column; le gambe posteriori di un cavallo, di una seggiola, the hind legs of a horse, the rear legs of a chair; la porta posteriore, ( di una casa) the back door; le ruote posteriori di un'automobile, the rear wheels of a car2 ( nel tempo) later, subsequent, following: gli anni posteriori furono terribili, the following years were terrible; i secoli posteriori, the later (o following) centuries; quelli furono avvenimenti posteriori, those were subsequent events; (dir.) leggi posteriori, succeeding laws◆ s.m.2 (di animale, uccello) rump.* * *[poste'rjore]1. agg1) (dietro: parte di oggetto) back attr, rear attr, (zampe) hind attr2) (tempo) later2. smeuf, (fam : sedere) behind, bottom* * *[poste'rjore] 1.1) (nello spazio) [parte, fila] back; aut. [asse, vetro, sedile, ruota] rear, backingresso posteriore — back o rear entrance
fanale posteriore — rear-light, taillight
2) (nel tempo) [ data] later; [avvenimento, opera] subsequent2.sostantivo maschile colloq. scherz. bottom, behind, rear* * *posteriore/poste'rjore/1 (nello spazio) [parte, fila] back; aut. [asse, vetro, sedile, ruota] rear, back; ingresso posteriore back o rear entrance; zampe -i hind legs; trazione posteriore rear-wheel drive; fanale posteriore rear-light, taillight2 (nel tempo) [ data] later; [avvenimento, opera] subsequent; uno scrittore posteriore a Dickens a writer who came after Dickens; questa invenzione è posteriore al 1960 this invention dates from after 1960colloq. scherz. bottom, behind, rear. -
19 μύρρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `myrrh, sweet-smelling wood of the myrrh-plant' (Sapph.. Thphr.).Derivatives: μυρρίς, - ίδος f. `sweet cicely, Myrrhis odorata' (Dsc. 4, 115) beside μυρίς (Thphr. CP 6, 9, 3) from (after?) μύρον (cf. below). μυρρίτης (- τις) m. (f.) name of a stone (Plin.; "myrrhae colorem habet"), of a wine ( Edict. Diocl.); Redard 58 a. 98; also μυρρίνης (sc. οἶνος; hell. com.), if not from μύρτος or μύρον (s.vv.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.Etymology: From Semit., cf. Aram. mūrā, Hebr. mōr, Arab. murr `myrrh' (Lewy Fremdw. 42ff.); here also μυρίκη? (s.v.); Lat. LW [loanword] murra, murrina. -- After Ath. 15, 688 c μύρρα came from μύρον; the close semantic relation of these words, which also makes a correct distinction of the derivations often difficult, might have facilitated the supposed loss of the anlaut. σ- in μύρον. In Greek μύρρα was redeemed by the not related σμύρνα, σμύρνη (s.v.), which had the same meaning; this may be a backformation from the adj. Σμυρναία prop. `Smyrnaean', a.o. as adjunct of μύρρα. Further see Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 1, 272 f.Page in Frisk: 2,274Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύρρα
-
20 postérieur
postérieur, e [pɔsteʀjœʀ]1. adjective(dans le temps) [date, document] later ; [événement] subsequent ; (dans l'espace) [partie] back ; [membre] hind2. masculine noun* * *
1.
postérieure pɔsteʀjœʀ adjectif1) ( dans le temps) [date] later (épith); [événement, œuvre] subsequent (épith)2) ( dans l'espace) [partie, section] posterior; [pattes] hind (épith)3) [phonème] back
2.
(colloq) nom masculin behind (colloq), posterior hum* * *pɔsteʀjœʀ postérieur, -e1. adj1) (date) laterCe document est postérieur à 1314. — This document is later than 1314.
2) (partie) back2. nm* behind* * *A adj1 ( dans le temps) [date] later ( épith); [événement, œuvre] subsequent; un écrivain postérieur à Flaubert a writer who came after Flaubert; cette invention est postérieure à 1960 this invention dates from after 1960; un événement postérieur à la guerre an event which took place after the war;3 Phon back.( féminin postérieure) [pɔsterjɶr] adjectif————————nom masculin
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